10 research outputs found
SEER: Safe Efficient Exploration for Aerial Robots using Learning to Predict Information Gain
We address the problem of efficient 3-D exploration in indoor environments
for micro aerial vehicles with limited sensing capabilities and payload/power
constraints. We develop an indoor exploration framework that uses learning to
predict the occupancy of unseen areas, extracts semantic features, samples
viewpoints to predict information gains for different exploration goals, and
plans informative trajectories to enable safe and smart exploration. Extensive
experimentation in simulated and real-world environments shows the proposed
approach outperforms the state-of-the-art exploration framework by 24% in terms
of the total path length in a structured indoor environment and with a higher
success rate during exploration
Learning to Explore Indoor Environments using Autonomous Micro Aerial Vehicles
In this paper, we address the challenge of exploring unknown indoor aerial
environments using autonomous aerial robots with Size Weight and Power (SWaP)
constraints. The SWaP constraints induce limits on mission time requiring
efficiency in exploration. We present a novel exploration framework that uses
Deep Learning (DL) to predict the most likely indoor map given the previous
observations, and Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) for exploration, designed
to run on modern SWaP constraints neural processors. The DL-based map predictor
provides a prediction of the occupancy of the unseen environment while the
DRL-based planner determines the best navigation goals that can be safely
reached to provide the most information. The two modules are tightly coupled
and run onboard allowing the vehicle to safely map an unknown environment.
Extensive experimental and simulation results show that our approach surpasses
state-of-the-art methods by 50-60% in efficiency, which we measure by the
fraction of the explored space as a function of the length of the trajectory
traveled.Comment: Submitted to ICRA2024 for revie
China's trade-off between economic benefits and sulfur dioxide emissions in changing global trade
China has been suffering from air quality degradation since its ascension into the World Trade Organization in 2001. The unequal exchange that occurs with international tradeāthat is, developed countries obtaining larger shares of tradeārelated value added relative to the shares of tradeārelated air pollution incurred locallyāmay obstruct the greening of global supply chains. In this study, we conduct a multiāregional inputāoutput analysis to examine the change in the distribution of economic benefits and sulfur dioxide emissions underlying China's international trade from 2002 to 2015. The results show that both net tradeārelated economic benefits and SO2 emissions in China rapidly increased from 2002 to 2007 and then decelerated after 2007 due to changes in China's green development strategy. In the past 13 years, China has suffered from economicāenvironmental inequality due to trade with most developed countries, for example, the United States, the European Union, East Asia, and Canada. East Asia, particularly Japan and South Korea, became both an economic and environmental winner while trading with China in 2015. China has also outsourced emissions to less developed regions, such as SubāSaharan Africa. We propose policy implications to further reduce the economicāenvironmental inequality underlying China's international trade
Research on Spectrum Optimization Technology for a Wireless Communication System
In this study, the principle of minimum spectral energy leakage is applied, and the mathematical model is also established by the general function through adding different constraints. To allow the target baseband signal to have a high-quality time-domain representation, it is assumed that the baseband signal is an even function. The time-domain waveform has symmetry about the y-axis, and the objective function is obtained by Fourier series approximation. The frequency-domain characteristics of the baseband signals are obtained by adding the energy limitation condition and the boundary restriction condition. Limit a point at the appropriate position of the main lobe of the normalized energy spectral density function, and at the same time, limit the appropriate point at the first side lobe. The changes of the points modified the whole characteristic of the frequency-domain. To more conveniently compare the characteristics of the signal under different constraints, according to the symmetry of the frequency-domain of the signal, the normalized energy spectrum main lobe energy ratio is defined as a parameter, and thereby the spectral performance of the signal is discriminated by the size of this parameter. Through comparative analysis, the signal with the frequency-domain restriction conditions added has a larger normalized energy spectrum main lobe energy ratio. With increasing roll-off factor n, the energy ratio of the main energy spectrum of the normalized spectrum increases accordingly, i.e., the energy leakage is effectively suppressed. The baseband signal can be considered more suitable as a modern wireless communication system and can be obtained by adding a suitable restriction condition and establishing a model with a general function
Drivers of virtual water flows on regional water scarcity in China
Previous studies had shown that the virtual water flows had intensified local water scarcity of China. There is an urgent need to identify the drivers of virtual water flows and provide the potential options to reduce the impact of virtual water flows on regional water scarcity. Based on the multi-regional input-output model and structural decomposition analysis, we evaluated the redistribution of water withdrawal within China in 2002, 2007 and 2012, and then revealed the hidden driving forces of the changes in virtual water flows. For a specific province, the drivers had been divided into local and the rest of China. Here we found that: (1) The share of virtual water flows in interregional trade to total water withdrawal had increased (from 20.1% to 40.5%) during the study period. (2) The direction of virtual water flows has reversed between some Chinese regions. Northwest and Northeast regions have become the major virtual water exporters. (3) The virtual water flows hidden in traded products of agriculture, electricity and the chemical industry accounted for more than 83% of total virtual water flows. (4) Local efficiency gains and consumption pattern changes in other provinces were the main drivers for changes in virtual water flows. The water-scarce Northwest and Northeast of China had further increased virtual water export to the water-rich provinces in southern China. This trend could be curbed by improving water use efficiency and restraining water-intensive consumption. Our results could pinpoint areas to invest in water use efficiency and provide guidance for areas to restrain water-intensive consumption
Coordination control of hybrid AC/DC microgrid
The hybrid AC/DC microgrid is considered to be the more and more popular in power systems as increasing DC loads. In this study, it is presented that a hybrid AC/DC microgrid is modelled with some renewable energy sources (e.g. solar energy, wind energy), typical storage facilities (e.g. batteries), and AC, DC load, and also the power could be transformed smoothly between the AC and DC sub-grids by the bidirectional AC/DC converter. Meanwhile, coordination control strategies are proposed for power balance under various operations. In grid-connected mode, the UāQ (DC bus voltage and reactive) or PQ method is adopted for the bidirectional AC/DC converter according to the amount of exchange power between AC and DC system in order to improve the DG utilisation efficiency, protecting the converter and maintain the stable operation of the system. In islanded mode, V/F control is applied to stabilising the entire system voltage and frequency, achieving the power balance between the AC and DC systems. Finally, these control strategies are verified by simulation with the results showing that the control scheme would maintain stable operation of the hybrid AC/DC microgrid
Targeted EpCAM-binding for the development of potent and effective anticancer proteins
Protein-based cancer therapies are considered an alternative to conventional anticancer regimens, providing multifunctional properties while showing low toxicity. However, its widespread use is limited by absorption and instability issues, resulting in higher dosage requirements and a prolonged onset of bioactivity to elicit the desired response. Here, we developed a non-invasive antitumor treatment using designed ankyrin repeat protein (DARPin)-anticancer protein-conjugate that specifically targets the cancer biomarker, epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM). The DARPin-anticancer proteins bind to EpCAM-positive cancer cells and improve the in vitro anticancer efficacy by over 100-folds within 24Ā h, where the DARPin-tagged human lactoferrin fragment (drtHLF4) IC50 value is within the nanomolar range. Orally administered drtHLF4 was readily absorbed into the systemic flow of the HT-29 cancer murine model, exerting its anticancer effect on other tumors in the host body. Orally administered drtHFL4 cleared HT29-colorectal tumors using a single dose, whereas intratumoral injection cleared HT29-subcutaneous tumors within three doses. This approach addresses the limitations of other protein-based anticancer treatments by providing a non-invasive anticancer therapy with improved potency and tumor-specificity
The significance of changes in platelet concentration during the early phase after severe burn injury in a Chinese mass casualty
Abstract Background Changes in platelet concentration are common in severe burn patients. Platelets play a key role in the course of disease. This study aims to explore the significance of platelet concentration during the course of the disease in victims of a mass burn casualty. Methods A total of 180 patients were involved in the ā8.2ā Kunshan explosion accident in China. The examined data included age, gender, total burn area (% TBSA), third-degree burn area (% TBSA), and platelet concentration within the first 5Ā days after the burn injury. The patients were divided into two groups according to four indicators (resuscitation, acute respiratory distress syndrome, acute kidney injury, septic shock). We collected several types of data for the patients and divided the patients into a complication group and non-complication group according to the diagnostic criteria. We analyzed the platelet concentration of the two groups using t tests to determine whether significant differences were present. P values <ā0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results The group with successful resuscitation had higher platelet concentration than the failure group on day 3 and day 5. The patients who suffered from acute kidney injury (AKI) and septic shock had a lower platelet concentration than non-sufferers on day 3 and day 5. Conclusions The platelet concentration of burn patients can dynamically reflect the pathophysiological changes of the body. It can be used as an early objective indicator of prognosis in mass burn casualty cases